Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (Colonoscopy)

What is a Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a procedure that uses a small flexible tube with a camera attached to its tip. The tube is approximately 1 cm in diameter and 160 cm in length. The camera transmits images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to examine the inside of the large intestine.

The scope is inserted through the rectum to detect abnormalities in the colon and can be advanced to the end of the large intestine where it connects to the small intestine.

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Reasons for a Colonoscopy

This procedure may be recommended for patients with the following symptoms:

Symptoms

1. Abnormal bowel movements such as chronic constipation, chronic diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea
2. Blood in the stool, either bright red or dark-colored stool with an unusual odor
3. Abdominal pain, weight loss, anemia, or fatigue

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Duration of the Procedure

The examination usually takes about 30–45 minutes.

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Preparation Before Colonoscopy

1. Eat soft and easily digestible foods for 3 days before the examination
2. Avoid vegetables, fruits, and high-fiber foods
3. Take the prescribed laxatives exactly as instructed by the doctor
4. Drink 1 glass of water after each bowel movement
5. Do not eat or drink anything for 8–10 hours before the procedure
6. Bring a relative or companion because sedative medication may be administered intravenously
7. Inform the doctor and nurse about any underlying diseases or drug allergies
8. If you are taking blood thinners or anticoagulants, inform your doctor, as you may need to stop them at least 7 days before the procedure or follow medical advice
9. Do not wear jewelry during the examination
10. Sign the consent form before the procedure

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Post-Colonoscopy Care

1. Rest for 1–2 hours after the procedure for observation until fully awake
2. Do not drive or operate machinery for at least 24 hours
3. Mild bloating or abdominal discomfort caused by air introduced during the procedure should improve after passing gas
4. If tissue samples or polyps are removed, slight bleeding in the stool may occur during the first 2 days and usually stops on its own
5. Observe your stool carefully. A small amount of blood may be normal, but if heavy or unusual bleeding occurs, seek medical attention immediately
6. Follow up with your doctor according to the scheduled appointment